
Alternative Dispute Resolution Processes: How to Read Them
Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes resolve disputes with a neutral third party instead of a judge deciding the case.
A dispute can move through more than one process, and similar-sounding options give different people decision-making power. This section clarifies the basic map. It does not select a strategy for your circumstances. Contracts, local law, cost, urgency, and legal rights require individual review.

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes resolve disputes with a neutral third party instead of a judge deciding the case.

Early neutral evaluation (ENE) and mediation are both confidential, non-binding court ADR processes, but they produce different things.

They are different questions. Confidentiality rules restrict who may hear about or use what happened in a mediation; admissibility rules decide whether a…

A mediator facilitates negotiation but generally does not decide the dispute; the parties choose whether to settle.

A caucus in mediation is a private meeting between the mediator and one side, held apart from the joint session where all participants meet together.

Both are confidential, non-binding sessions where a neutral helps the parties try to negotiate a settlement; neither neutral can impose one.